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Krylavidnyja
husli (winged psaltery)
Reconstruction of husli that has been wide-spread
in Latgalia (fringe area between Belarus and
Latvia) and Northern Belarus in the 14th-20th
centuries. The instrument is made conjointly
by master Donats Vucis and Zmicier Sasnouski.
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Hudok
(rebec)
An exact copy of hudok of the 14th century
found by archeologists. Hudok found its way
to Belarus from the Lower Empire at the same
time when husli did. This stringed bow-instrument
became a prototype of violin and was in use
up to the 16th century. The instrument is made
by master Todar Kaskurevic.
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Drymba
(jew's-harp)
Reconstruction of the 11th century’s drymba.
This instrument, now forgotten in Belarus, is
usually asociated with the Northern or Oriental
nations while it was quite popular in Mediaeval
Belarus with warriors as its sound actively
influences the brain. First it was found during
excavations in Belarusan cities’ castles.
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Svirel
(pipe)
Reconstruction of the 14th century’s svirel
with restored timbre colouring of old pipes.
Its sound is soft and a tad hissing. This flute
instrument together with husli, hudok and drums
became professional instrument of Belarusan
saltimbancos who performed in castles and cities.
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Bielaruskaja
duda (Belarusan bagpipe)
Reconstruction of old Belarusan duda known
since the 14th century. Other names of this
instrument are bagpipe, doodle-sack, musette,
drone or pipes. Before Christianity and long
after that, it was thought to be a sacral ritual
instrument used in funeral rites. At the same
time, it was played by Belarusan saltimbancos
to accompany dances and theatricalized performances
during holidays. The instrument is made by master
Zmicier Sasnouski.
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Bielaruskaja
vajskovaja duda (Belarusan martial bagpipe)
Reconstruction of old Belarusan duda known
since the 14th century. Due to its specific
excitative sound, bagpipe became warriors’ instrument
in Belarus and many other countries. There are
the 16th century’s pictures of army musicians
of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania with Belarusan
bagpipes. The instrument is made by master Todar
Kaskurevic together with master Zmicier Sasnouski.
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Bielaruskaja
duda-macianka (Belarusan bagpipe “macianka”)
Reconstruction of old Belarusan two-drone bagpipe
known since the 16th century. It is impossible
to imagine any hoedown or city holiday in Belarus
without an instrument of this kind. The instrument
is made by master Todar Kaskurevic.
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Surma
(trumpet)
Reconstruction of the 15th century’s surma,
the martial instrument known in Belarus since
the 11th century. The instrument is made by
master Ales Kurban.
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Bierascianaja
truba (birch bark trumpet)
Reconstruction of the 14th century’s trumpet,
a signal instrument known since the 11th century
and widely used by both warriors and cowherds.
The instrument is made by master Zmicier Sasnouski.
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Baraban
z kamla (tree-trunk drum)
Reconstruction of a primitive instrument, made
of a tree-trunk and covered with leather, known
since the old times. The instrument is made
by master Valeryj Ziankievic.
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Jelka
(bell tree)
Old percussion instrument, made of spruce’s
trunk and roots and covered with all sorts of
clackers, bells and chainlets. The instrument
is made by the band’s members during a spasm
of creativity.
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Vajskovy
baraban (martial drum)
Reconstruction of the 16th century’s drum.
Together with surma (and later bagpipe), it
was as a martial instrument. Specially curried
leather and an old system of stretching it with
the help of ropes are used here.
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Arabic
drums
Reconstruction of the 13th-14th centuries’
drums. After the crusades, Arabic drums became
sought-after instruments all across Europe,
especially in cities and knights’ castles. In
the 14th century Arabic drums spread in the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania, too.
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Lutnia
(mediaeval four-string lute)
Reconstruction of the 14th-15th centuries’
lute that has seven strings together – three
double strings and one single string. This kind’s
lutes appeared in Belarus in the 14th century.
The instrument is made by master Juryj Dubnavicki.
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Lutnia
(Renaissance six-string lute)
Exact copy of the 16th century’s lute. Famous
Belarusan composers of the 16th century, Vojciech
Dluharaj, Dyjamied Kata, Jan from Lublin and
others, played the eleven-string lute and wrote
music for it. Such lutes are the next step in
the evolution of medieval lute. This instrument
has eleven strings together – five double strings
and one single string. Renaissance lute became
a quite popular instrument of the Belarusan
nobility and the main instrument used by professional
aulic musicians. The instrument is made by master
Juryj Dubnavicki.
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Kolavaja
lira, Latvija (hurdy-gurdy, Latvia)
Old Latvian hurdy-gurdy, restored together
with master Donats Vucis and master Zmicier
Sasnouski. Hurdy-gurdy is a stringed bow-instrument
where the wheel rubbing the strings is a bow.
Hurdy-gurdy spread in Belarus in the 16th century
and soon became a favourite instrument of vagrant
musicians and buskers. A specific genre of epic
ballades and spiritual songs accompanied by
hurdy-gurdy became a unique phenomenon in the
Belarusan culture.
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Kolavaja
lira, Bielarus-Polsca (hurdy-gurdy, Belarus-Poland)
The instrument belongs to the Music History
Museum in Poznan (Poland). It has been known
in Belarus since the 16th century. The band
Stary Olsa is planning to purchase or make an
instrument of this kind.
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Husli
z jihravym vaknom (psaltery with a playing window)
Reconstruction of husli found by archeologists
in layers of the 11th-14th centuries in Novgorod
(Russia), Gdansk and Apole (Poland). Belarus
has known husli since the times of its first
principalities. On the photo – husli’s earliest
type discovered by archeologists. It is not
even regular husli, but a transition variant
from archaic lyre to husli. The instrument is
made by master Ales Cumakou.
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Husli
(kantele)
Reconstruction of husli that has been known
since the old times in the Baltic region and
Scandinavia. Kantele is first mentioned in Scandinavian
national epics. The instrument is made by master
Ales Cumakou.
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Salmiej
(zalejka, hornpipe)
Reconstruction of the European reed instruments known
since the 11th century. The instrument is made by
master Todar Kaskurevic. In Belarus, common people
called hornpipes zalejkas since the 11th century,
while the dukes of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania called
them salmiejs.
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| Kvinterna
(Quinterna)
This instrument from the collection of master Michael
Bach (Germany). The instrument is known in Belarus
since the 16th century. The band STARY OLSA is
planning to purchase an instrument of this kind.
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| Akaryna
(Ocarina)
A fictile instrument of the flute kind. It is believed
to be only created in the 19th century, but its
prototypes, i.e. fictile pennywhistles, were known in
Belarus in the early Middle Ages. This instrument has
a peculiar breathed timbre.
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